LESSON 6.


The secondary future, or conditional, tense of the verbs is as follows:—

Ta, to be.
veign—I would be (dy) beign—would I be?
veagh (oo, eh, ee, shin, shiu. ad). (dy) beagh (oo, eh, ee shin shiu

Cheet, coming.
harrin—I would come. darrin?—Would I come?
harragh (oo, eh, etc.) darragh? (oo, eh, etc.)

Goll, going.
raghin, roin—I would go. raghin?—Would I go?
ragh (oo, eh, etc.). ragh? (oo, eh, etc.).

Cur, giving or putting.
verrin—I would give. derrin?—Would I give?
verragh (oo, eh, etc.) derragh? (oo, eh, etc.)

Goaill, taking.
ghoin, ghowin—I would take. goin?—would I take?
ghoghe (oo, eh, etc.). goghe? (oo, eh, etc.).

Gra, saying. *
yiarrin—I would say. jirrin?—would I say?
yiarragh (oo, eh, etc.). jirragh oo? (oo, eh, etc.).

Jannoo, doing.
yinnin—I would do. jinnin?—would I do?
yinnagh (oo, eh, etc.). jinnagh? (oo, eh, etc.)

Clashtyn, hearing. †
cluinnin—I would hear. chluinin?—would I hear?
cluinagh (oo, eh, etc.). chluinagh (oo, eh, etc.).

Fakin, seeing.
heein—I would see. vaikin, naikin?—Would I see?
heeagh (oo, eh, etc.). vaikagh, naikagh (oo, eh, etc.).

Feddyn, Geddyn, finding, getting.
yioin. yiowin—I would find. voin, nowin?—would I find?
yiogh (oo, eh, etc.). voghe, noghe (oo, eh, etc.).



* Cha and nagh take the interrogative form but
(cha n'yiarrin—I would not say, cha n'yiarragh (oo, eh, etc.).

† Negative of Clashtyn substitutes initial g for c and gh for ch).

The past participle of a verb ends in it or t; fakinit, seen; jeant, done, etc.


The verb ta has no past participle, neither has the verb goll. The adverb ersooyl (away) is used for "gone."


Compound tenses are formed by using the participle er (on, after) along with the auxiliary and the verbal-noun).


Ta mee er ve I have been (I am on being).
Va mee er ve I had been.

Ta mee er jeet I have come.
Va mee er jeet I had come.

Ta mee er n'gholl. I have gone.
Va mee er n'gholl I had gone.

Ta mee er chur I have given
Va mee er chur I had given.

Ta mee er n'ghoaill I have taken.
Va mee er n'ghoaill I had taken.

Ta mee er ghra I have said.
Va mee er ghra I had said.

Ta mee er n'yannoo I have done.
Va mee er n'yannoo I had done.

Ta mee er chlashtyn I have heard.
Va mee er chlashtyn I had heard.

Ta mee er vakin (nakin) I have seen
Va mee er vakin (nakin) I had seen.

Ta mee er n'gheddyn I have got.
Va mee er n'gheddyn I had got.

VOCABULARY.

Ellan Vannin Isle of Man.
Sostyn England.
Nherin Ireland.
Nalbin Scotland.
Cheer ny Albey Scotland.
Bretin, yn thalloo Vretnagh Wales.
Yn Rank France.
Yn Spainey Spain.
Yn Raue Rome.
Lunnin London.
Manninagh Manx person.
Sostnagh English person
Albinagh Scottish person.
Romanagh Roman person.
baatey boat.
shiaull sail.
shiolteyr sailor.
argid silver (money).
prash brass.
staillin steel.
ayr; gen. ayrey. father
moir; gen. mayrey. mother (in formal address)
jishag father.
mummig mother (familiar form)
mac son.
inneen daughter (or "a girl").
braar brother.
shuyr sister.
jishag-vooar, shaner grandfather.
mwarree grandmother.
oe grandchild.
naim, braar ayr, braar voir uncle.
naunt, shuyr ayr, shuyr voir aunt.
mac vraarey, mac shayrey nephew
inneen vraarey, inneen-shayrey niece.
feallagh folks, ones (pers. pron.)
peiagh person.
fer a man, a person (pers. pron. masc.).
unnane one.
fer ny ghaa many a one.
cheddin the same.
myr like, as
myrgeddin also.
punt a pound (money or weight).
skillin shilling.
ping penny.
lhieng half-penny.
sporran purse.
poagey bag, pocket
Yernagh Irish person.
Spaainagh Spaniard.
Raueagh Romish
lhong ship.
croan mast
eeasteyr fisherman.
airh gold.
yiarn iron.
leoaie lead.


1.—Cur Baarle orroo shoh..

  1. Vel peiagh sthie?
  2. Quoi t'ayns shen? She mish t'ayn.
  3. Haink yn dooinney dys y vagher.
  4. Cha dooar eh fer elley ayns shen,
  5. Cha ren eh geddyn peiagh erbee ayns shen.
  6. Hooar mee punt voish Juan, cha dooar mee punt voish Illiam,
  7. Hooar mee punt voish Thom as ta'n punt as yn skillin ayns my phoagey nish.
  8. Nee shen myr te? (Is that so?). She, Cha nee.
  9. Dug oo shen da? Hug. Cha dug.
  10. Ta mee goaill yindys jeh.
  11. Goyms boggey mooar jeh shen.
  12. Gowee ad arrane.
  13. Gow shen. Gow padjer
  14. Vel braar erbee ayds? Ta, Cha nel
  15. Ta shuyr ayms, as ta braar echeysyn.
  16. Cur kied (leave) dou.
  17. Gow my leshtal (excuse).
  18. Ta kied aym.


2.—Cur Gaelg orroo shoh.


  1. He has a mother.
  2. She has a father.
  3. You have a brother and a sister.
  4. They have a son and a daughter.
  5. The grandfather and grandmother have a grandchild.
  6. Who was there?
  7. Who will be there'?
  8. Did a man come to the field?
  9. He got a pound from William and a penny from Tom.
  10. I have a penny, but I have not a pound.
  11. I have leave to go.
A Phrase a Day for Learning and Use.



  1. Ta emshyr braew ayn jiu, agh ve feer gharroo riyr. (The weather is fine to-day, but it was very rough last night).

  2. Va sniaghtey harrish ny sleityn, as geay vooar ayn myrgeddin. (There was snow over the mountains and a big wind (in) too.)

  3. Ta rio er y thalloo moghrey jiu. (There is frost on the ground this morning.)

  4. Ta'n ghrian çheh nish, bee'n rio goll ersooyl dy-tappee. (The snow is warm now. the frost will be going away quickly.)

  5. Er-lhiam dy nee shoh jerrey yn geurey. (I think this is the end of the winter.)

  6. Ta'n arragh er-gerrey nish, she Mart t'ayn. (The spring is near now, it is March (is in) ).