LESSON 3.

GRAMMAR (for study).

The Compound Tenses of the Regular verbs are formed in the same way as those of the Irregular verbs, i.e., by using the particle er (on, after) along with the auxiliary and the verbal-noun—

Ta mee er screeu I have written.

Ta mee er niu I have drunk.

Ta mee er choayl I have lost.

Ta mee er vrishey I have broken.

Va mee er screeu I had written; etc.

After the particle er the verbal noun mutates as follows:—

p becomes ph.
b becomes v.
m becomes v.
f becomes v.
t becomes d.
d becomes gh.
ch becomes j.
j becomes y.
c or k becomes ch
g becomes gh or y.
qu becomes wh.
s or sh becomes h.

s before l drops out, but remains before other consonants.

A vowel initial prefixes the letter n:
Ta mee er n'aase—I have grown.

After er a verbal-noun in c or k usually mutates to ch, but occasionally to g. Colloquially, er goll and er goaill are often used without mutation

The past participle ends in it, which on contraction may become simply t: screeuit or scruit—written.

iuit or iut drunk.
caillit or caillt lost.

By the help of the participle any active verb can be made passive:—

T'eh screeuit It is written.
T'eh iuit It is drunk.
Ta mee caillt I am lost.

And so on through all the tenses and persons. There is, however, another and more idiomatic way ot expressing the passive by means of the particle er and the possessive pronoun followed by the verbal-noun:—

Ta mee er my choayl — I am lost; I have been lost —(I am on my losing).
t'ou er dty choayl
t'eh er ny choayl.
t'ee er ny coayl.
ta shin er nyn goayl.
ta shiu er nyn goayl
t'ad er nyn goayl.

And similarly in the other tenses. We can also occasionally express the passive by the help of the verb goll (going):—

Hie mee er coayl I was lost.
Hem er coayl I shall be lost: etc.
Ga nagh ragh shoh er credjal Though this should not be believed.

When goll is thus used as an auxiliary the particle er does not cause mutation.




CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.


  1. Cre'n boayl shoh ta shin goll shaghey nish? (What place is it we are passing now?)

  2. Nagh vel oo cur enn er? (Don't you recognise it,)

  3. Cha nel mee shickyr jeh eddyr. (I'm not sure of it at all).

  4. Heill mee dy bione dhyt Doolish feer vie (I thought you knew Douglas very well. )

  5. Cha bione, t'ou fakin dy vel mee er vaghey ayns Rhumsaa yn chooid smoo jeh my vea, as cha nel mee feer vennick ayns Doolish; ta mee s'menkey ayns Balley Cashtal, agh ny cheayrtyn ta mee goll dys Purt ny Hinshey neesht. (No. You see, I have been living in Ramsey the greater part of my life, and I am not very often in Douglas; I am often in Castletown, but sometimes I go to Peel also).

  6. Ta shen Oik yn Chiannoortys , as ayns y thie jiarg shen liorish, ta'n Chiare-as-feed cheet nyn quail. (That is Government Office, and in that red house alongside, the Keys meet).

  7. As c'raad ta'n Coonseil Leigh meeiteil (And where does the Legislative Council meet?)

  8. Oh, ta shamyryn ocsyn myrgeddin ayns shen. (Oh, they have chamber also there.)

  9. Ta mee credjal dy boallagh ad meeiteil ayns Balley Cashtal keayrt dy row. (I believe they used to meet in Castletown once upon a time?)

  10. Boallagh ad. Va Balley Cashtal yn chenn Ardvalley jeh'n Ellan. (Yes. Castletown was the old capital of the Island ).

  11. Ta traaghyn er chaghlaa! (Times have changed!)

  12. Ta, as ta mee dy-mennick goaill yindys vel eh son y chooid share na'n chooid smessey. Quoi ec ta fys? (Yes and I often wonder is it for the better or the worse. Who knows?)




CHEER NYN AEG.

Cabdil l: Oshin as Parick



Cha row eh rieau skee jeh ginsh mysh yn Fynn jeeoil. Tra dooyrt saggyrt da nagh d'od eer quaillag cosney stiagh ayns Flaunys gyn-yss da Jee imraagh eh yn feoiltys as oltaghey bea v'ec Fynn. Dooyrt eh, dy beagh duillagyn yn ouyr airh, as tonnyn ny marrey argid, verragh Fynn ad ooilley ersooyl. D'od millaghyn dy gheiney g'entreil stiagh er y halley echey g'ee as g'iu ec e boayrd as faagail reesht gyn feysht ve currit orroo. Dooyrt eh loayragh ny fenee yn irriney as chummagh ad gialdyn cha mie as saggyrt erbee. Hass Parick jeeaghyn er yn kione echey cha nee monney s'yrjey na jerrey daah-foalley er shleiy Oshin. Baillish dy beagh deiney ooilley foawir dy beagh ad er ve cha ooasle as mec Ynn. Bione da deiney beggey va feer vroutagh.

Cre erbee dooyrt saggyrt, va Oshin ro henn as dooie dy ve mennick trimshagh, er-lhimmey jeh'n traa va'n gheay ass y niar. Eisht hug ny oieghyn feayrey as liauyrey skeeys er, as by chooinee lesh yn chelg as caggeeaght rish ny mec liauyr-foltagh ec Fynn. Eishtagh va enn echey cha yarg eh shelg, caggey ny cloie arragh, ny snaue ayns ny thooillaghyn, dy row eh ny henn dooinney boght fegooish niart ny kiaull. V'eh faagit ny lomarcan er , as veagh eh er ve boggoil dy ve marish Fynn e ayr as Oscar e vac, raad erbee v'ad. Ren eh foast boirey eh nagh row eh er ve marish e ayr dy chooney lesh ayns y chaggey tra va dagh oarlagh Fynn mooar sheeynt feayr as feagh liorish y Voinn. Cha ghow eh ayrn ayns y chaggey s'jerree ec ny Fenee noadyr, tra varr Oscar Cairbre as hooar eh baase eh hene as cha ren cagh scapail er lhimmey jeh'n fer bieau-coshey jeh'n sluight. V'eh yn foill echey hene nagh row Oshin er ve fenish ec ny caggaghyn shoh. S'joarree v'eh dy lhisagh lheid y kiontoyrtys jeh aegid er ve yn saase jeh tayrn magh e vioys gys eash cha mooar! D'insh eh da Parick y skeeal.

(Tannaghtyn).