LESSON 7.

GRAMMAR (for study). The auxiliary verb Fod (may, can).

Present.
Singular—
 Foddym—I may, I can, I am able.
Foddee oo.
Foddee eh.
Foddee ee.

Plural—
Fodmayd—we may, we can, we are able.
Foddee shiu.
Foddee ad.

Singular.
Neg.—Cha voddym, Cha noddym.

Interr.—Voddym? Noddym?

Int.-Neg.—Nagh Voddym? Nagh noddym?

Plural.
Neg.—Cha vodmayd, Cha nodmayd.

Interr.—Vodmayd? Nodmayd?

Int.-Neg.—Nagh vodmayd? Nagh nodmayd?

With the other persons vod or nod, as:—

Cha nod eh—He cannot
Vod shiu—Can you?
Nagh vod ad?—Can they not?

In the negative, either vod or nod may be used. In the interrogative, use vod.

Past.

In the past tense there is only one form—dod, which is used in all persons; affirmatively, interrogatively or negatively.

Dod mee—I might, I could, I was able.

Dod oo, eh ee; shin, shiu, ad.

Cha dod mee—I could not, I was not able.

Dod mee?—Could I? Was I able?

Nagh dod mee?—Could I not? Nas I not able? and so on.

Subjunctive.

Oddin—I might, I could, I might be able.
Oddagh oo, eh, ee; shin, shiu, ad.

Neg.— Cha noddin (voddin),
Cha noddagh (voddagh) oo, etc.

Interr.—Noddin? (Voddin?)
Noddagh oo? etc.

Int.-Neg—Nagh noddin? (voddin) etc.

IF
Dy voddin—If I could If I were able (subjunctive).

My oddym—If I can; If I am able (indicative).

My dod mee—If I could; If I was able (indicative).


Nod oo heet marym mairagh? Fod. —Can you come with me tomorrow? Yes.

Foddee—maybe, perhaps.

Cha nod shen y ve—that is impossible.

Portions of the verb jarg are sometimes substituted for the negative and interrogative of fod:

Cha jargym—I cannot.
Nagh jargym—can I not?
Cha jarg oo, eh, etc.
Jarg oo? etc.


We have seen how the preposition ec is used in expressing to have. In the same way the preposition lesh is used in expressing to possess, to own, to belong to:—

Ta'n lioar lhiams—the book is mine.

Ta'n lioar echey nish, cha nel yn lioar lesh-hene.—He has the book now but, the book is not his own).

The word beg (little) when used under the form 'veg' in conjunction with an interrogative or negative verb has the meaning of "any," ''anything'' (vel nhee erbee):—

Cha nel veg lhiams—I have nothing.
Cha nel veg dy eeym er yn arran ayms—There is no butter on my bread.
Cha daag eh veg dou—He left nothing, for me.

Vel veg ayd?—Have you any?

Occasionally the word veg, when following a preposition, is used for gyn-veg, "nothing":—

Er aggle dy der oo lhiat mee gys veg.—Lest thou bring me to nothing.



CONVERSATION (For improvement of vocabulary and readiness of response).


WALKAL DYS KIONE Y DHOGHAD.



CoIoayrtys eddyr daa inneen, Ealish as Moirrey.

Nish ta shin cheet er-gerrey da Kione y Droghad, cre'n balley beg joarree jeh'n chenn theill t'eh!

Ta, as cha nel eh feer foddey er dy henney neayr as loayr ad Gailck feer vie ayns shoh.

As nish er-lhiam dy bee yn Ghailck marroo ayns Kione y Droghad?

Ta mee jerkal dy bee. Dy jarroo yiarrin dy bee.

S trimshey lhiam shen.

Yiarragh y chenn sleih, " Cre'n ymmyd t'ee lhig jee goll roee," as d'ynsee ad ny paitchyn dy haggloo Baarle.

Nearey orroo!

Nearey dy-liooar. Agh shegin dooin jannoo nyn gooid share dy ynsagh ee choud as ta ghaa ny tree dy phersoonyn faagit oddys foast loayrt ee.

READING PRACTICE.


CHEER NYN AEG.

Cabdil 3.



Hug yn ven-rein aeg waagh oltaghey daue as hug ee daue caayryn airhey, bee blaystal, cayrnyn airhey lesh feeyn as milljough ayndoo; as ghiaIl Oshin dy ve e roortagh, dy varroo Foawr er-nonney dy ve er ny varroo hene. Haink Foawr nyn aar oc, graney as anvooar, cummal barr yiarn mooar ayns e ghoarn son slattan, as gyn croymmey ny failtaghey, hug eh yn lane fo Oshin. Rish tree laghyn chagg ad; as hass Niau as yn Ven-rein lioroo keayney. Fy-yerrey lheig Oshin Foawr, as myr v'eh ny lhie ghiare eh jeh e chione. Rish minnid va jeeaghyn dy ve daa oawr ayns ynnyd jeh unnane, rowl y kione cast e hooillyn as jingey e hengey edyr e eeacklyn, as y challin hummidagh phandoogh. Hug Niau as y ven-rein eamyn boggoil assdoo ec y shilley. Hug ad lhieu Oshin stiagh ayns y phlaase as ren ad e lhottyn y niee as y lanaghey, as tra v'eh slane choodee eh seose yn eajeeys ec Foawr fo carn.

"By haitnyssagh yn çheer ee," dooyrt Oshin rish Parick, "as dy beagh gloyraghyn cosoylaghey roo er Flaunys voyllin yn Jee eu."

Ny yeih phaart ny myrneenyn rish y Ven-rein, as by-hrimshey lhee er nyn ngholl wheesh as by-haittyn lhee er e livreyys. Varkee ad rhymboo gys Cheer nyn Aeg. Keayrt elley va nyn goorse harrish y vooir. Honnick ad y coo g'eiyrt er y feeaih aeg, as yn fer-caggee aeg ny lurg y voidyn cur lesh yn ooyl airhey. D'irree sterm, agh cha voir edyr kesh er nyn skyn ny tonnyn foue yn coorse oc.

Ayns sollyssid y tendreil as yn dorrid haink ny yei varkee ad rhymboo dy-maynrey as cha feagh as ny eeastyn er grunt ny marrey. Tra haink y ghrian rish honnick ad roue çheer blaaghyn as faaieyn liauyrey, loghyn as awinyn loandyrnee, lesh geulaghyn easyn as cruink ghorm ardey. Eddyr yn traie airh as ny cruink d'irree plaase jesheenit lesh obbyr ghrainnit as skeaylt harrish lesh airh as claghyn ymghaahit, as dooyrt Niau:

"Shoh Cheer nyn Aeg."

(Tannaghtyn.)